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ExperimentCyclicVoltammetry

ExperimentCyclicVoltammetry[Objects]⟹Protocol

creates a Protocol to perform the cyclic voltammetry measurements on the provided samples or container Objects. The cyclic voltammetry technique is mostly used to investigate the reduction and oxidation processes of molecular species, the reversibility of a chemical reaction, the diffusion coefficient of an interested analyte, and many other electrochemical behaviors.

    
Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) is a powerful electrochemical technique that can be used to investigate the reduction and oxidation (redox) processes, the electrochemical reversibility, the diffusion coefficient, and many other electrochemical behaviors of an interested analyte. To measure a CV trace (or voltammogram), the instrument cycles the potential applied between a working electrode (WE) and a counter electrode (CE) in an electrochemical cell, and measures the corresponding current (i, usually in Micro-ampere) between the WE and CE. After the initial potential is applied, the instrument linearly and positively sweep the potential to a switching voltage (anodic trace); once the switching voltage is reached, the applied potential is again linearly but negatively swept to an end voltage (cathodic trace). During this process, the potential difference (E, usually in Milli-volt) between the WE and a reference electrode (RE) is measured. In the generated voltammogram, the positions of the oxidation and reduction waves can provide information about the redox potential levels of the analyte, while the separation of these two waves reveals the analyte's electrochemical irreversibility. By varying the speed of potential sweeping used for the CV measurement, the diffusion coefficient and absorbing behavior can also be investigated.
    

Experimental Principles

    Figure 1.1: Procedural overview of a cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiment. Step 1: The electrodes are prepared, which can involve several optional processes: a. Polishing the working electrode (WE); b. The WE is sonication cleaned; c. The WE adn Counter Electrode (CE) are washed with water and methanol; d. The reference solution within the reference electrode (RE) is refreshed. Step 2: The RE is soaked within the ElectrolyteSolution (if Step 3 is going to be performed) or the LoadingSample solution (if Step 3 is not going to be performed). Step 3 (Optional): The electrodes go through a pretreat process within the ElectrolyteSolution. The electrodes are installed on the ElectrodeCap and assembled with the ReactionVessel. Several cyclic voltammetry cycles are performed to remove any deposits from the electrodes. Step 4: The LoadingSample (solvent + electrolyte + analyte + optional internal standard) solution is added into the ReactionVessel and the ElectrodeCap assembly with the electrodes is installed. Step 5: The LoadingSample solution is sparged with an inert gas to remove any dissolved oxygen. Step 6: The CV measurements are performed. Step 7 (Optional): If an internal standard chemical is not included within the LoadingSample solution, it can be introduced after the initial CV measurements. After the internal standard chemical is added, CV measurements with identical parameters are performed again.

Instrumentation

    IKA ElectraSyn 2.0

    Figure 2.1: The IKA ElectraSyn 2.0 instrument has a cyclic voltammetry (CV) assembly, a potentiostat, and a data acquisition system. The CV assembly holds the sample solution and three electrodes: working electrode (WE), counter electrode (CE), and reference electrode (RE). The reduction / oxidation of the interested analyte happens at WE, and the corresponding counter reactions of another molecule species happens at CE, which completes the electrical circuit (but not of experimental interest). The potential of RE stays constant during the course of CV measurement. The sample solution contains three main parts: solvent, electrolyte, and sample analyte. The choice of the solvent should avoid reactions with electrolyte, analyte and three electrodes within the potential window (the potential range CV experiment carries out in). The solvent should also be able to dissolve a high concentration (0.05–0.5 M) of electrolyte, which is added to decrease the resistance of the sample solution while not interfering the analyte reactions. The concentration of the analyte should be kept in the range of 1–10 mM. Depending on the RE type, an internal standard chemical can also be added into the sample solution. During the course of CV experiment, the potentiostat uses a dc power source to produce a potential which can be maintained and accurately determined, while allowing small currents to be drawn into the system without changing the voltage. The potentiostat generates a cyclically and linear sweeping potential (-2.5–2.5 V, limited by the platinum coated CE) between the WE and CE. The potential between the WE and RE is measured as the output potential signal. The current that flows between WE and CE is measured to generate the output current signal. The data acquisition system collects the output current and potential signals to generate the final voltammogram.

Experiment Options

    General

    NumberOfReplicates

    The number of times to repeat cyclic voltammetry measurement on each provided sample.
    Default Value: 1
    Pattern Description: Greater than or equal to 1 in increments of 1 or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: GreaterEqualP[1, 1] | Null

    Instrument

    The electrochemical reactor that performs cyclic voltammetry measurements by linearly and periodically scanning the potential (within a practical range) applied to a specific inert electrode (working electrode) within the LoadingSample (including a solvent, an electrolyte, the target analyte, and an optional internal standard).
    Default Value: Model[Instrument, Reactor, Electrochemical, IKA ElectraSyn 2.0]
    Pattern Description: An object of type or subtype Model[Instrument, Reactor, Electrochemical] or Object[Instrument, Reactor, Electrochemical]
    Programmatic Pattern: ObjectP[{Model[Instrument, Reactor, Electrochemical], Object[Instrument, Reactor, Electrochemical]}]

    PreparedSample

    Indicates if the current input sample is a fully prepared solution ready to be measured, which includes a solvent, an electrolyte, the target analyte, and an optional internal standard. If sample State is Liquid, automatically resolves to True. Otherwise, resolves to False. If set to True, will skip the options in the Sample Preparation step.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Pattern Description: True or False.
    Programmatic Pattern: BooleanP | Automatic
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    Analyte

    The target chemical whose cyclic voltammogram is measured.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: If PreparedSample is True, automatically resolves to the analyte specified in the SamplesIn. If the PreparedSample is False, automatically resolves to SamplesIn.
    Pattern Description: An object of type or subtype Model[Molecule]
    Programmatic Pattern: ObjectP[{Model[Molecule]}] | Automatic
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    Solvent

    The liquid used to dilute or dissolve the target analyte. This can be the "Milli-Q" water or a organic solvent.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: If PreparedSample is True, automatically resolves to the solvent specified in the SamplesIn. If the PreparedSample is False and an ElectrolyteSolution is provided, automatically resolves to the solvent specified in the ElectrolyteSolution. If the PreparedSample is False and no ElectrolyteSolution is provided, automatically resolves to acetonitrile (CH3CN).
    Pattern Description: An object of type or subtype Model[Sample] or Object[Sample] or a prepared sample.
    Programmatic Pattern: (ObjectP[{Model[Sample], Object[Sample]}] | _String) | Automatic
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    Electrolyte

    Specify the electrolyte chemical added into the Solvent to prepare the ElectrolyteSolution and the LoadingSample (including a solvent, an electrolyte, the target analyte, and an optional internal standard), if the ElectrolyteSolution option is unspecified.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: If an ElectrolyteSolution is provided, automatically resolves to the electrolyte specified in the ElectrolyteSolution. If no ElectrolyteSolution is provided and PreparedSample is False, automatically resolves to KCl if Solvent is aqueous, to NBu4PF6 is Solvent is organic. If no ElectrolyteSolution is provided and PreparedSample is True, this cannot be automatically resolved.
    Pattern Description: An object of type or subtype Model[Sample] or Object[Sample] or a prepared sample or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ((ObjectP[{Model[Sample], Object[Sample]}] | _String) | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    InternalStandard

    Specify the chemical used as the internal standard in the LoadingSample (including a solvent, an electrolyte, the target analyte, and the optional internal standard indicated here). Since the locations of the reduction and oxidation waves of an internal standard species are known, the use of an internal standard can define the absolute potential level of the cyclic voltammetry measurement. For a silver pseudo reference electrode, ferrocene is usually used as the InternalStandard.                 If this is set to None, no InternalStandard is included in the LoadingSample, and InternalStandard options will be skipped.
    Default Value: None
    Pattern Description: An object of type or subtype Model[Sample] or Object[Sample] or a prepared sample or None.
    Programmatic Pattern: (ObjectP[{Model[Sample], Object[Sample]}] | _String) | None
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    WorkingElectrode

    The electrode whose potential is linearly and periodically scanned to trigger the local reduction and oxidation of the target analyte within the LoadingSample (including a solvent, an electrolyte, the target analyte, and an optional internal standard) during the cyclic voltammetry measurement.
    Default Value: Model[Item, Electrode, IKA Glassy Carbon 3 mm Disc Working Electrode]
    Pattern Description: An object of type or subtype Model[Item, Electrode] or Object[Item, Electrode]
    Programmatic Pattern: ObjectP[{Model[Item, Electrode], Object[Item, Electrode]}]

    ReferenceElectrode

    The electrode whose potential stays constant during the cyclic voltammetry measurement, and therefore acts as a reference point for the working electrode potential. The potential difference between the working electrode and the reference electrode is plotted as the x-axis of the cyclic voltammetry output (voltammogram).
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically set to "0.1M AgNO3 Ag/Ag+ Reference Electrode" for samples in organic solvents and resolves to "3M KCl Ag/AgCl reference electrode" for samples in aqueous solvent ("Milli-Q Water").
    Pattern Description: An object of type or subtype Model[Item, Electrode, ReferenceElectrode] or Object[Item, Electrode, ReferenceElectrode]
    Programmatic Pattern: ObjectP[{Model[Item, Electrode, ReferenceElectrode], Object[Item, Electrode, ReferenceElectrode]}] | Automatic
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    CounterElectrode

    The electrode that completes the electric circuit with the working electrode. The current flowing between the working electrode and the counter electrode is plotted as the y-axis of the cyclic voltammetry output (voltammogram).
    Default Value: Model[Item, Electrode, IKA Platinum Coated Copper Plate Electrode]
    Pattern Description: An object of type or subtype Model[Item, Electrode] or Object[Item, Electrode]
    Programmatic Pattern: ObjectP[{Model[Item, Electrode], Object[Item, Electrode]}]

    ElectrodeCap

    The assembly that covers and seals the reaction vessel holding the solution being measured. This assembly includes a main cap that holds the working, counter, and reference electrodes and connects them to the instrument. A smaller cap that covers the sample loading hole on the main cap is also included in this assembly. The smaller cap is equipped with a septum membrane, which can be pierced to install the gas-sparging needles.
    Default Value: Model[Item, Cap, ElectrodeCap, IKA Regular Electrode Cap]
    Pattern Description: An object of type or subtype Model[Item, Cap, ElectrodeCap] or Object[Item, Cap, ElectrodeCap]
    Programmatic Pattern: ObjectP[{Model[Item, Cap, ElectrodeCap], Object[Item, Cap, ElectrodeCap]}]

    ReactionVessel

    The container holds the LoadingSample (including a solvent, an electrolyte, the target analyte, and an optional internal standard) being measured. This vessel is covered and sealed by the cap assembly specified by the ElectrodeCap option.
    Default Value: Model[Container, ReactionVessel, ElectrochemicalSynthesis, Electrochemical Reaction Vessel, 5 mL]
    Pattern Description: An object of type or subtype Model[Container, ReactionVessel, ElectrochemicalSynthesis] or Object[Container, ReactionVessel, ElectrochemicalSynthesis] or a prepared sample.
    Programmatic Pattern: ObjectP[{Model[Container, ReactionVessel, ElectrochemicalSynthesis], Object[Container, ReactionVessel, ElectrochemicalSynthesis]}] | _String
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    Electrode Polishing

    PolishWorkingElectrode

    Indicates if the working electrode is polished on a series of polishing pads with corresponding polishing solutions, before the electrode is sonicated in "Milli-Q" water or wash-cleaned by methanol and "Milli-Q" water. Note: the polishing process will consume the WorkingElectrode. If the amount of deposits on the working electrode bottom surface is small, sonication and wash-cleaning may be enough.
    Default Value: False
    Pattern Description: True or False.
    Programmatic Pattern: BooleanP
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    PolishingPads

    The series of polishing pads used to polish the working electrode. Each pad will be used to polish the electrode in the order provided in the list. It is recommended that the progression of polishing is proceed from coarse to fine pads.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to {Diamond/Nylon Pad, Alumina/Texmet Pad}.
    Pattern Description: List of one or more an object of type or subtype Model[Item, ElectrodePolishingPad] or Object[Item, ElectrodePolishingPad] entries or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ({ObjectP[{Model[Item, ElectrodePolishingPad], Object[Item, ElectrodePolishingPad]}]..} | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    PolishingSolutions

    The corresponding series of solutions dropped onto each polishing pad as a polishing medium between the pad and the working electrode when the working electrode is polished. The length of the PolishingSolutions list should be the same as the length of the PolishingPads list.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to the DefaultPolishingSolution in each Model[Item, PolishingPad].
    Pattern Description: List of one or more an object of type or subtype Model[Sample] or Object[Sample] or a prepared sample entries or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ({(ObjectP[{Model[Sample], Object[Sample]}] | _String)..} | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    NumberOfPolishingSolutionDroplets

    The number of droplets of the polishing solution put onto each polishing pad when the working electrode is polished. The length of the NumberOfPolishingSolutionDroplets list should be the same as the length of the PolishingPads list.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to 2 for each member of PolishingPads.
    Pattern Description: List of one or more greater than 0 in increments of 1 entries or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ({GreaterP[0, 1]..} | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    NumberOfPolishings

    The number of polishings performed for each polishing pad before moving to the next polishing pad, in the order specified by the PolishingPads option. Each polishing includes rubbing the bottom of the working electrode for 10 "8"-figure cycles. If there are 3 polishing pads (A, B, C) specified by the PolishingPads option, a NumberOfPolishing equals to {2, 2, 3} means the polishings will happen in the order of AA, BB, CCC. The length of the NumberOfPolishings list should be the same as the length of the PolishingPads list.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to 1 for each member of PolishingPads.
    Pattern Description: List of one or more greater than 0 in increments of 1 entries or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ({GreaterP[0, 1]..} | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    Electrode Cleaning

    WorkingElectrodeSonication

    Indicates if the working electrode is sonicated in "Milli-Q" water after the polishing (if any) and before the wash-cleaning.
    Default Value: False
    Pattern Description: True or False.
    Programmatic Pattern: BooleanP
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    WorkingElectrodeSonicationTime

    Specify the duration for which the sonication of the working electrodes last. The sonication should last no more than 1 minute to ensure the integrity of the working electrode electrical connections.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to 30 seconds if WorkingElectrodeSonication is True.
    Pattern Description: Greater than or equal to 0 seconds and less than or equal to 60 seconds or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (RangeP[0*Second, 60*Second] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    WorkingElectrodeSonicationTemperature

    Specify the temperature at which the sonication of the working electrodes is performed.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to ambient temperature if WorkingElectrodeSonication is True.
    Pattern Description: Ambient or greater than or equal to 25 degrees Celsius and less than or equal to 69 degrees Celsius or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ((RangeP[$AmbientTemperature, 69*Celsius] | Ambient) | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    WorkingElectrodeWashing

    Indicates if the working electrode is washed to remove the unwanted deposits, after the optional polishing and optional sonication. This also helps to remove possible polishing deposits on the working electrode after the polishing step (if any). "Milli-Q" water and methanol are squirted from a wash bottle against the working electrode in sequence. A chemwipe damped with the methanol is used to carefully wipe the bottom of the working electrode, before the electrode is blow dried with nitrogen gas.
    Default Value: True
    Pattern Description: True or False.
    Programmatic Pattern: BooleanP
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    CounterElectrodeWashing

    Indicates if the counter electrode is washed to remove the unwanted deposits, before the optional pretreatment or the CV measurement. "Milli-Q" water and methanol are squirted from a wash bottle against the counter electrode in sequence. The counter electrode is then blow dried with nitrogen gas.
    Default Value: True
    Pattern Description: True or False.
    Programmatic Pattern: BooleanP
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    WorkingElectrodeWashingCycles

    The number of washing cycles performed for the working electrode after the optional polishing and optional sonication.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to 1 if WorkingElectrodeWashing is True.
    Pattern Description: Greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 10 or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (RangeP[1, 10] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    Reference Electrode Preparation

    RefreshReferenceElectrode

    Indicates if the ReferenceElectrode is refreshed using the ReferenceSolution defined in the ReferenceElectrode. The refresh process replaces the reference solution within the glass tube which may have decreased in concentration over time and usage. The refresh involves emptying the previous solution from the glass tube, washing the inside of reference electrode with the fresh solution, emptying the washing solution, adding in the fresh solution into the glass tube. See more details in ExperimentPrepareReferenceElectrode help file.
    Default Value: False
    Pattern Description: True or False.
    Programmatic Pattern: BooleanP
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    ReferenceElectrodeSoakTime

    Specify the duration the ReferenceElectrode is soaked with solutions outside its glass tube. The outside solution is the electrolyte solution if the electrode pretreatment will be performed, otherwise is the LoadingSample. This soaking step happens before the optional electrode pretreatment or before the cyclic voltammetry measurements (if no pretreatment is performed).
    Default Value: 3 minutes
    Pattern Description: Greater than or equal to 1 minute and less than or equal to 72 hours.
    Programmatic Pattern: RangeP[1*Minute, $MaxExperimentTime]
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    Electrode Pretreatment

    PretreatElectrodes

    Indicates if the working, counter, and reference electrodes are pretreated before the cyclic voltammetry measurement of the LoadingSample (including a solvent, an electrolyte, the target analyte, and an optional internal standard), to remove any interfering deposits on the electrodes. The pretreatment performs several cyclic voltammetry cycles of the electrolyte solution until the voltammogram becomes stable, therefore prepares the working, counter, and reference electrodes for the cyclic voltammetry measurements of the LoadingSample later.
    Default Value: False
    Pattern Description: True or False.
    Programmatic Pattern: BooleanP
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    ElectrolyteSolution

    The conductive solution used to pretreat the electrodes before the cyclic voltammetry measurement. The ElectrolyteSolution contains a aqueous or an organic solvent and an electrolyte chemical to make the solution conductive. When the PretreatElectrodes options is set to True, ElectrolyteSolution cannot be automatically resolved and must be explicitly specified.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically set to Null if PretreatElectrodes is False. ElectrolyteSolution cannot be automatically resolved if PretreatElectrodes is True.
    Pattern Description: An object of type or subtype Model[Sample] or Object[Sample] or a prepared sample or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ((ObjectP[{Model[Sample], Object[Sample]}] | _String) | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    ElectrolyteSolutionLoadingVolume

    Volume of the electrolyte solution added into the electrode pretreatment reaction vessel (same model as specified by ReactionVessel option).
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically set to Null if PretreatElectrodes is False. Automatically set to 60% of the MaxVolume of ReactionVessel if PretreatElectrodes is True.
    Pattern Description: Greater than or equal to 1 milliliter and less than or equal to 20 milliliters or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (RangeP[1*Milliliter, 20*Milliliter] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    PretreatmentSparging

    Indicates if the electrolyte solution within the electrode pretreatment reaction vessel is sparged with an inert gas before the pretreatment procedure. This sparging process removes the dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide from the electrolyte solution, allowing for better pretreatment performance. The sparging gas type is specified by the SpargingGas option, and the sparging time is specified by the SpargingTime option, which are the same sparging gas type and sparging time for the LoadingSample sparging step.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically set to False if PretreatElectrodes is False. Automatically resolves to True if PretreatElectrodes is True.
    Pattern Description: True or False or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (BooleanP | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    PretreatmentSpargingPreBubbler

    Indicates if a prebubbler is used before the electrode pretreatment reaction vessel. A prebubbler is a container containing the same solvent used in the electrolyte solution, which is hooked in series with the reaction vessel, such that the gas is first bubbled through the prebubbler solution and then bubbled into the reaction vessel. This helps to ensure the reaction vessel doesn't excessively evaporate during the sparging, since the sparging gas is saturated by the solvent inside the prebubbler before travelling into the reaction vessel.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically set to False if PretreatmentSparging is False. Automatically resolves to True if PretreatmentSparging is True.
    Pattern Description: True or False or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (BooleanP | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    PretreatmentInitialPotential

    The potential applied to the working electrode when the pretreatment cyclic voltammetry cycle starts. After the PretreatmentInitialPotential is applied, the working electrode potential is then linearly scanned to the PretreatmentFirstPotential.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to 0.0 Volt if PretreatElectrodes is True.
    Pattern Description: Greater than or equal to -2.5 volts and less than or equal to 2.5 volts or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (RangeP[-2.5*Volt, 2.5*Volt] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    PretreatmentFirstPotential

    The first target potential after the PretreatmentInitialPotential is applied. At the PretreatmentFirstPotential, the scanning direction reverses, and the working electrode potential is then linearly scanned to the PretreatmentSecondPotential.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to 1.5 Volt if PretreatElectrodes is True.
    Pattern Description: Greater than or equal to -2.5 volts and less than or equal to 2.5 volts or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (RangeP[-2.5*Volt, 2.5*Volt] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    PretreatmentSecondPotential

    The second target potential after the PretreatmentFirstPotential is reached. At the PretreatmentSecondPotential, the scanning direction reverses again, and the working electrode potential is then linearly scanned to the PretreatmentFinalPotential.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to -2.5 Volt if PretreatElectrodes is True.
    Pattern Description: Greater than or equal to -2.5 volts and less than or equal to 2.5 volts or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (RangeP[-2.5*Volt, 2.5*Volt] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    PretreatmentFinalPotential

    The final target potential after the PretreatmentSecondPotential is reached. Once the PretreatmentFinalPotential is reached, the current pretreatment cyclic voltammetry cycle will stop.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to 0.0 Volt if PretreatElectrodes is True.
    Pattern Description: Greater than or equal to -2.5 volts and less than or equal to 2.5 volts or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (RangeP[-2.5*Volt, 2.5*Volt] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    PretreatmentPotentialSweepRate

    The speed (in Millivolt per Second) at which the working electrode potential is linearly scanned during the pretreatment cyclic voltammetry cycles.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to 200 Millivolt/Second if PretreatElectrodes is True.
    Pattern Description: Greater than or equal to 10 millivolts per second and less than or equal to 1000 millivolts per second or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (RangeP[10*(Millivolt/Second), 1000*(Millivolt/Second)] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    PretreatmentNumberOfCycles

    Specify the number of pretreatment cyclic voltammetry cycles are performed. A pretreatment cyclic voltammetry cycle starts from the PretreatmentInitialPotential, then to the PretreatmentFirstPotential, then to the PretreatmentSecondPotential, and stops at the PretreatmentFinalPotential. Currently, PretreatmentNumberOfCycles cannot exceed 4.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to 3 if PretreatElectrodes is True.
    Pattern Description: Greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 4 or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (RangeP[1, 4] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    Sample Preparation

    SampleAmount

    Specify the amount of target analyte (in mass) being dissolved into the solvent (electrolyte addition required after analyte addition) or into the electrolyte solution.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: If TargetConcentration is specified, automatically set to match TargetConcentration and SolventVolume. If TargetConcentration is not specified, automatically resolves to a value assuming TargetConcentration is 5.0 Millimolar.
    Pattern Description: Greater than 0.1 milligrams or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (GreaterP[0.1*Milligram] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    LoadingSampleTargetConcentration

    Specify the concentration of the sample in the LoadingSample (including a solvent, an electrolyte, the target analyte, and an optional internal standard) after the dilution or dissolving.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: If SampleAmount is specified, automatically set to match SampleAmount and SolventVolume. If SampleAmount is not specified, automatically resolves to 5.0 Millimolar.
    Pattern Description: Greater than 0.1 millimolar or greater than 0.1 milligrams per liter or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ((GreaterP[0.1*Millimolar] | GreaterP[0.1*(Milligram/Liter)]) | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    InternalStandardAdditionOrder

    Specify if the internal standard is added to the LoadingSample (including a solvent, an electrolyte, the target analyte, and the optional internal standard indicated here) before or after the cyclic voltammetry measurement. If the InternalStandardAdditionOrder equals to After, a series of cyclic voltammetry measurements with the same parameters used before the addition is performed.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to After if InternalStandard is not None.
    Pattern Description: Before or After or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ((Before | After) | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    InternalStandardAmount

    Specify the amount (in mass) of internal standard being diluted or dissolved into the LoadingSample (including a solvent, an electrolyte, the target analyte, and the optional internal standard indicated here).
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: If InternalStandardTargetConcentration is specified, automatically set to match InternalStandardTargetConcentration. If InternalStandardTargetConcentration is not specified, automatically resolves to a value assuming InternalStandardTargetConcentration is 2.0 Millimolar.
    Pattern Description: Greater than 0.1 milligrams or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (GreaterP[0.1*Milligram] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    InternalStandardTargetConcentration

    Indicates the concentration of the internal standard in the electrolyte solution (addition order is before) or the LoadingSample (addition order is after) after the dilution or dissolving.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: If InternalStandardAmount is specified, automatically set to match InternalStandardAmount. If InternalStandardAmount is not specified, automatically resolves to 2.0 Millimolar.
    Pattern Description: Greater than 0.1 millimolar or greater than 0.1 milligrams per liter or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ((GreaterP[0.1*Millimolar] | GreaterP[0.1*(Milligram/Liter)]) | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    SolventVolume

    Specify the solvent volume used to dilute or dissolve the target analyte, Electrolyte, and optional InternalStandard.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically set to 60% of the current reaction vessel max volume.
    Pattern Description: Greater than or equal to 0.5 milliliters and less than or equal to 200 milliliters or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (RangeP[0.5*Milliliter, 200*Milliliter] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    LoadingSampleElectrolyteAmount

    Specify the amount (in mass) of Electrolyte sample being diluted or dissolved within the solvent (along with the target analyte and optional internal standard) to prepare the LoadingSample (including a solvent, an electrolyte, the target analyte, and an optional internal standard).
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: If ElectrolyteTargetConcentration is specified, automatically set to match ElectrolyteTargetConcentration and SolventVolume. If ElectrolyteTargetConcentration is not specified, for aqueous Solvent, automatically resolves to a value assuming ElectrolyteTargetConcentration is 3 Molar; for organic Solvent, automatically resolves to a value assuming ElectrolyteTargetConcentration is 250 Millimolar.
    Pattern Description: Greater than 0.1 milligrams or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (GreaterP[0.1*Milligram] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    ElectrolyteTargetConcentration

    Specify the concentration of the electrolyte in the LoadingSample (including a solvent, an electrolyte, the target analyte, and an optional internal standard). The electrolyte concentration should be the same for both ElectrolyteSolution and LoadingSample.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: For aqueous Solvent, automatically resolves to 3 Molar; for organic Solvent, automatically resolves to 250 Millimolar.
    Pattern Description: Greater than 0.1 millimolar or greater than 0.1 milligrams per liter or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ((GreaterP[0.1*Millimolar] | GreaterP[0.1*(Milligram/Liter)]) | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    LoadingSampleMix

    Indicates if the solution is mixed after the addition of the analyte, the electrolyte (if added) and the optional internal standard (addition order is before) into the solvent. This mixing step generates the LoadingSample and happens before the cyclic voltammetry measurement.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to True if Prepared Sample is False.
    Pattern Description: True or False.
    Programmatic Pattern: BooleanP | Automatic
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    LoadingSampleMixType

    Specify the mixing type of the LoadingSample (including a solvent, an electrolyte, the target analyte, and an optional internal standard) mixing procedure before the cyclic voltammetry measurement.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to Invert.
    Pattern Description: Shake, Pipette, or Invert or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ((Shake | Pipette | Invert) | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    LoadingSampleMixTemperature

    Specify the temperature at which the LoadingSample (including a solvent, an electrolyte, the target analyte, and an optional internal standard) mixing procedure is performed.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to Ambient.
    Pattern Description: Ambient or greater than or equal to 25 degrees Celsius and less than or equal to 75 degrees Celsius or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ((RangeP[$AmbientTemperature, 75*Celsius] | Ambient) | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    LoadingSampleMixTime

    Specify the mixing time for the LoadingSample (including a solvent, an electrolyte, the target analyte, and an optional internal standard) mixing procedure before the cyclic voltammetry measurement.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to 5 minutes.
    Pattern Description: Greater than or equal to 0 minutes and less than or equal to 72 hours or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (RangeP[0*Minute, $MaxExperimentTime] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    LoadingSampleNumberOfMixes

    Specify the number of mixes for the LoadingSample (including a solvent, an electrolyte, the target analyte, and an optional internal standard) mixing procedure before the cyclic voltammetry measurement. Note this option only applies for mix type: Pipette or Invert.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to 10.
    Pattern Description: Greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 50 in increments of 1 or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (RangeP[0, 50, 1] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    LoadingSampleMixVolume

    Specify the solution volume that is pipetted up and down (if the MixType is Pipette) for the LoadingSample (including a solvent, an electrolyte, the target analyte, and an optional internal standard) mixing procedure before the cyclic voltammetry measurement.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to 50% of SolventVolume.
    Pattern Description: Greater than or equal to 1 milliliter and less than or equal to 20 milliliters or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (RangeP[1*Milliliter, 20*Milliliter] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    LoadingSampleMixUntilDissolved

    Indicates if the LoadingSample (including a solvent, an electrolyte, the target analyte, and an optional internal standard) mixing procedure continues until the solid sample is dissolved, up to the LoadingSampleMaxMixTime or the LoadingSampleMaxNumberOfMixes.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to True if LoadingSampleMix is True.
    Pattern Description: True or False or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (BooleanP | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    LoadingSampleMaxNumberOfMixes

    Specify the maximum number of the LoadingSample (including a solvent, an electrolyte, the target analyte, and an optional internal standard) mixes, in attempt to dissolve all the solids. Note this option only applies for the mix types: Pipette or Invert, and when the LoadingSampleMixUntilDissolved is True.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically set to 30.
    Pattern Description: Greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 50 in increments of 1 or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (RangeP[1, 50, 1] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    LoadingSampleMaxMixTime

    Specify the maximum time for LoadingSample (including a solvent, an electrolyte, the target analyte, and an optional internal standard) mixing procedure to run, in attempt to dissolve all the solids. Note this option only applies for the Shake mix type, and when the LoadingSampleMixUntilDissolved is True.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically set to 20 minutes.
    Pattern Description: Greater than or equal to 1 minute and less than or equal to 72 hours or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (RangeP[1*Minute, $MaxExperimentTime] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    Sparging

    Sparging

    Indicates if the LoadingSample (including a solvent, an electrolyte, the target analyte, and an optional internal standard) within the reaction vessel is sparged with an inert gas before the cyclic voltammetry measurement. This sparging step can remove the dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide, which can introduce unwanted reduction / oxidation peaks that interfere with the analyte peaks in the cyclic voltammetry output voltammogram.
    Default Value: True
    Pattern Description: True or False.
    Programmatic Pattern: BooleanP
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    SpargingGas

    Indicates the type of inert gas used for the sparging of the LoadingSample (including a solvent, an electrolyte, the target analyte, and an optional internal standard) within the reaction vessel. If PretreatmentSparging is True, this type of gas is also used for the pretreatment sparging procedure.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to Nitrogen if either PretreatmentSparging or Sparging is True.
    Pattern Description: Nitrogen, Argon, or Helium or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ((Nitrogen | Argon | Helium) | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    SpargingTime

    Indicates the duration for which the sparging of the LoadingSample (including a solvent, an electrolyte, the target analyte, and an optional internal standard) last. If PretreatmentSparging is True, the same duration is also used for the pretreatment sparging procedure.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to 3 minutes if either PretreatmentSparging or Sparging is True.
    Pattern Description: Greater than or equal to 30 seconds and less than or equal to 72 hours or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (RangeP[30*Second, $MaxExperimentTime] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    SpargingPreBubbler

    Indicates if a prebubbler is used before the LoadingSample (including a solvent, an electrolyte, the target analyte, and an optional internal standard) reaction vessel. A prebubbler is a container containing the same solvent used in the LoadingSample, which is hooked in series with the reaction vessel, such that the gas is first bubbled through the prebubbler solution and then bubbled into the reaction vessel. This helps to ensure the reaction vessel doesn't excessively evaporate during the sparging, since the sparging gas is saturated by the solvent inside the prebubbler before travelling into the reaction vessel.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to True if either PretreatmentSparging or Sparging is True.
    Pattern Description: True or False or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (BooleanP | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    Cyclic Voltammetry

    LoadingSampleVolume

    Volume of the fully prepared LoadingSample (including a solvent, an electrolyte, the target analyte, and an optional internal standard) added into the reaction vessel specified by the ReactionVessel option, for the cyclic voltammetry measurement.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to 60% of the MaxVolume of the ReactionVessel.
    Pattern Description: Greater than or equal to 1.5 milliliters and less than or equal to 20 milliliters.
    Programmatic Pattern: RangeP[1.5*Milliliter, 20*Milliliter] | Automatic
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    InitialPotentials

    The potential applied to the working electrode when the LoadingSample (including a solvent, an electrolyte, the target analyte, and an optional internal standard) cyclic voltammetry measurement starts. After the InitialPotential is applied, the working electrode potential is then linearly scanned to the FirstPotential. The length of the list given by this option is required to be either one (the same InitialPotential for each measurement cycle), or equals to the NumberOfCycles option.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to a list of 0.0 Volt with a list length of NumberOfCycles.
    Pattern Description: List of one or more greater than or equal to -2.5 volts and less than or equal to 2.5 volts entries.
    Programmatic Pattern: {RangeP[-2.5*Volt, 2.5*Volt]..} | Automatic
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    FirstPotentials

    The first target potential after the InitialPotential is applied. At the FirstPotential, the scanning direction reverses, and the working electrode potential is then linearly scanned to the SecondPotential. The length of the list given by this option is required to be either one (the same FirstPotential for each measurement cycle), or equals to the NumberOfCycles option.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to a list of 2.0 Volt with a list length of NumberOfCycles.
    Pattern Description: List of one or more greater than or equal to -2.5 volts and less than or equal to 2.5 volts entries.
    Programmatic Pattern: {RangeP[-2.5*Volt, 2.5*Volt]..} | Automatic
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    SecondPotentials

    The second target potential after the FirstPotential is reached. At the SecondPotential, the scanning direction reverses again, and the working electrode potential is then linearly scanned to the FinalPotential. The length of the list given by this option is required to be either one (the same SecondPotential for each measurement cycle), or equals to the NumberOfCycles option.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to a list of -2.0 Volt with a list length of NumberOfCycles.
    Pattern Description: List of one or more greater than or equal to -2.5 volts and less than or equal to 2.5 volts entries.
    Programmatic Pattern: {RangeP[-2.5*Volt, 2.5*Volt]..} | Automatic
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    FinalPotentials

    The final target potential after the SecondPotential is reached. Once the FinalPotential is reached, the current cyclic voltammetry measurement will stop. The length of the list given by this option is required to be either one (the same FinalPotential for each measurement cycle), or equals to the NumberOfCycles option.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to a list of 0.0 Volt with a list length of NumberOfCycles.
    Pattern Description: List of one or more greater than or equal to -2.5 volts and less than or equal to 2.5 volts entries.
    Programmatic Pattern: {RangeP[-2.5*Volt, 2.5*Volt]..} | Automatic
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    PotentialSweepRates

    The speed (in Millivolt per Second) at which the working electrode potential is linearly scanned during the cyclic voltammetry measurement. A faster sweep rate generally leads to a larger peak current for the reduction and oxidation peaks of the analyte. The length of the list given by this option is required to be either one (the same PotentialSweepRate for each measurement cycle), or equals to the NumberOfCycles option.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Pattern Description: List of one or more greater than or equal to 10 millivolts per second and less than or equal to 1000 millivolts per second entries.
    Programmatic Pattern: {RangeP[10*(Millivolt/Second), 1000*(Millivolt/Second)]..} | Automatic
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    NumberOfCycles

    Specify the number of cyclic voltammetry measurements is performed. A cyclic voltammetry measurement starts from the InitialPotential, then to the FirstPotential, then to the SecondPotential, and stops at the FinalPotential. Currently, the NumberOfCycles cannot exceed 4, and the lengths of InitialPotential, FirstPotential, SecondPotential, and FinalPotential lists should all equal to the NumberOfCycles.
    Default Value: 3
    Pattern Description: Greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 4.
    Programmatic Pattern: RangeP[1, 4]
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    Model Input

    PreparedModelContainer

    Indicates the container in which a Model[Sample] specified as input to the experiment function will be prepared.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: If PreparedModelAmount is set to All and when the input model has a product associated with both Amount and DefaultContainerModel populated, automatically set to the DefaultContainerModel value in the product. Otherwise set to Model[Container, Vessel, "2mL Tube"].
    Pattern Description: An object of type or subtype Model[Container] or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (ObjectP[Model[Container]] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    PreparedModelAmount

    Indicates the amount of a Model[Sample] specified as input to the experiment function that will be prepared in the PreparedModelContainer. When set to All and the input model sample is not preparable, the entire amount of the input model sample that comes from one of the Products is prepared. The selected product must have both Amount and DefaultContainerModel populated, and it must not be a KitProduct. When set to All and the input model is preparable such as water, 1 Milliliter of the input model sample is prepared.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically set to 1 Milliliter.
    Pattern Description: All or Count or Count or Mass or Volume or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ((RangeP[1*Microliter, 20*Liter] | RangeP[1*Milligram, 20*Kilogram] | GreaterP[0*Unit, 1*Unit] | GreaterP[0., 1.] | All) | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    Post Experiment

    SamplesInStorageCondition

    The non-default conditions under which the SamplesIn of this experiment should be stored after the protocol is completed. If left unset, SamplesIn will be stored according to their current StorageCondition.
    Default Value: Null
    Pattern Description: {AmbientStorage, EnclosedAmbientStorage, Refrigerator, Freezer, DeepFreezer, CryogenicStorage, YeastIncubation, YeastShakingIncubation, BacterialIncubation, BacterialShakingIncubation, MammalianIncubation, ViralIncubation, CrystalIncubation, AcceleratedTesting, IntermediateTesting, LongTermTesting, UVVisLightTesting} or Disposal or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (Alternatives[SampleStorageTypeP | Disposal]) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    SamplesOutStorageCondition

    The non-default conditions under which any new samples generated by this experiment should be stored after the protocol is completed. If left unset, the new samples will be stored according to their Models' DefaultStorageCondition.
    Default Value: Null
    Pattern Description: {AmbientStorage, EnclosedAmbientStorage, Refrigerator, Freezer, DeepFreezer, CryogenicStorage, YeastIncubation, YeastShakingIncubation, BacterialIncubation, BacterialShakingIncubation, MammalianIncubation, ViralIncubation, CrystalIncubation, AcceleratedTesting, IntermediateTesting, LongTermTesting, UVVisLightTesting} or Disposal or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (Alternatives[SampleStorageTypeP | Disposal]) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

Sample Prep Options

    Sample Preparation

    PreparatoryUnitOperations

    Specifies a sequence of transferring, aliquoting, consolidating, or mixing of new or existing samples before the main experiment. These prepared samples can be used in the main experiment by referencing their defined name. For more information, please reference the documentation for ExperimentSamplePreparation.
    Default Value: Null
    Pattern Description: List of one or more unit Operation ManualSamplePreparation or RoboticSamplePreparation or unit Operation must match SamplePreparationP entries or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: {((ManualSamplePreparationMethodP | RoboticSamplePreparationMethodP) | SamplePreparationP)..} | Null

    Preparatory Incubation

    Incubate

    Indicates if the SamplesIn should be incubated at a fixed temperature prior to starting the experiment or any aliquoting. Sample Preparation occurs in the order of Incubation, Centrifugation, Filtration, and then Aliquoting (if specified).
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Resolves to True if any of the corresponding Incubation options are set. Otherwise, resolves to False.
    Pattern Description: True or False.
    Programmatic Pattern: BooleanP | Automatic
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    IncubationTemperature

    Temperature at which the SamplesIn should be incubated for the duration of the IncubationTime prior to starting the experiment.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Pattern Description: Ambient or greater than or equal to -20 degrees Celsius and less than or equal to 500 degrees Celsius or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ((Ambient | RangeP[$MinIncubationTemperature, $MaxIncubationTemperature]) | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    IncubationTime

    Duration for which SamplesIn should be incubated at the IncubationTemperature, prior to starting the experiment.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Pattern Description: Greater than or equal to 1 minute and less than or equal to 72 hours or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (RangeP[1*Minute, $MaxExperimentTime] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    Mix

    Indicates if this sample should be mixed while incubated, prior to starting the experiment.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to True if any Mix related options are set. Otherwise, resolves to False.
    Pattern Description: True or False or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (BooleanP | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    MixType

    Indicates the style of motion used to mix the sample, prior to starting the experiment.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves based on the container of the sample and the Mix option.
    Pattern Description: Roll, Vortex, Sonicate, Pipette, Invert, Stir, Shake, Homogenize, Swirl, Disrupt, or Nutate or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (MixTypeP | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    MixUntilDissolved

    Indicates if the mix should be continued up to the MaxIncubationTime or MaxNumberOfMixes (chosen according to the mix Type), in an attempt dissolve any solute. Any mixing/incubation will occur prior to starting the experiment.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to True if MaxIncubationTime or MaxNumberOfMixes is set.
    Pattern Description: True or False or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (BooleanP | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    MaxIncubationTime

    Maximum duration of time for which the samples will be mixed while incubated in an attempt to dissolve any solute, if the MixUntilDissolved option is chosen. This occurs prior to starting the experiment.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves based on MixType, MixUntilDissolved, and the container of the given sample.
    Pattern Description: Greater than or equal to 1 minute and less than or equal to 72 hours or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (RangeP[1*Minute, $MaxExperimentTime] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    IncubationInstrument

    The instrument used to perform the Mix and/or Incubation, prior to starting the experiment.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves based on the options Mix, Temperature, MixType and container of the sample.
    Pattern Description: An object of type or subtype Model[Instrument, Roller], Model[Instrument, OverheadStirrer], Model[Instrument, Vortex], Model[Instrument, Shaker], Model[Instrument, BottleRoller], Model[Instrument, Roller], Model[Instrument, Sonicator], Model[Instrument, HeatBlock], Model[Instrument, Homogenizer], Model[Instrument, Disruptor], Model[Instrument, Nutator], Model[Instrument, Thermocycler], Model[Instrument, EnvironmentalChamber], Model[Instrument, Pipette], Object[Instrument, Roller], Object[Instrument, OverheadStirrer], Object[Instrument, Vortex], Object[Instrument, Shaker], Object[Instrument, BottleRoller], Object[Instrument, Roller], Object[Instrument, Sonicator], Object[Instrument, HeatBlock], Object[Instrument, Homogenizer], Object[Instrument, Disruptor], Object[Instrument, Nutator], Object[Instrument, Thermocycler], Object[Instrument, EnvironmentalChamber], or Object[Instrument, Pipette] or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (ObjectP[Join[MixInstrumentModels, MixInstrumentObjects]] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    AnnealingTime

    Minimum duration for which the SamplesIn should remain in the incubator allowing the system to settle to room temperature after the IncubationTime has passed but prior to starting the experiment.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Pattern Description: Greater than or equal to 0 minutes and less than or equal to 72 hours or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (RangeP[0*Minute, $MaxExperimentTime] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    IncubateAliquotContainer

    The desired type of container that should be used to prepare and house the incubation samples which should be used in lieu of the SamplesIn for the experiment.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Pattern Description: An object of type or subtype Model[Container] or {Index, Container} or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ((ObjectP[Model[Container]] | {GreaterEqualP[1, 1] | (Automatic | Null), (ObjectP[{Model[Container], Object[Container]}] | _String) | Automatic}) | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    IncubateAliquotDestinationWell

    The desired position in the corresponding IncubateAliquotContainer in which the aliquot samples will be placed.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to A1 in containers with only one position. For plates, fills wells in the order provided by the function AllWells.
    Pattern Description: Any well from A1 to H12 or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (WellPositionP | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    IncubateAliquot

    The amount of each sample that should be transferred from the SamplesIn into the IncubateAliquotContainer when performing an aliquot before incubation.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically set as the smaller between the current sample volume and the maximum volume of the destination container.
    Pattern Description: All or greater than or equal to 1 microliter and less than or equal to 20 liters or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ((RangeP[1*Microliter, 20*Liter] | All) | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    Preparatory Centrifugation

    Centrifuge

    Indicates if the SamplesIn should be centrifuged prior to starting the experiment or any aliquoting. Sample Preparation occurs in the order of Incubation, Centrifugation, Filtration, and then Aliquoting (if specified).
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Resolves to True if any of the corresponding Centrifuge options are set. Otherwise, resolves to False.
    Pattern Description: True or False.
    Programmatic Pattern: BooleanP | Automatic
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    CentrifugeInstrument

    The centrifuge that will be used to spin the provided samples prior to starting the experiment.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Pattern Description: An object of type or subtype Model[Instrument, Centrifuge] or Object[Instrument, Centrifuge] or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (ObjectP[{Model[Instrument, Centrifuge], Object[Instrument, Centrifuge]}] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    CentrifugeIntensity

    The rotational speed or the force that will be applied to the samples by centrifugation prior to starting the experiment.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Pattern Description: Greater than 0 revolutions per minute or greater than 0 standard accelerations due to gravity on the surface of the earth or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ((GreaterP[0*RPM] | GreaterP[0*GravitationalAcceleration]) | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    CentrifugeTime

    The amount of time for which the SamplesIn should be centrifuged prior to starting the experiment.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Pattern Description: Greater than 0 minutes or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (GreaterP[0*Minute] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    CentrifugeTemperature

    The temperature at which the centrifuge chamber should be held while the samples are being centrifuged prior to starting the experiment.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Pattern Description: Ambient or greater than or equal to -10 degrees Celsius and less than or equal to 40 degrees Celsius or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ((Ambient | RangeP[-10*Celsius, 40*Celsius]) | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    CentrifugeAliquotContainer

    The desired type of container that should be used to prepare and house the centrifuge samples which should be used in lieu of the SamplesIn for the experiment.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Pattern Description: An object of type or subtype Model[Container] or {Index, Container} or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ((ObjectP[Model[Container]] | {GreaterEqualP[1, 1] | (Automatic | Null), (ObjectP[{Model[Container], Object[Container]}] | _String) | Automatic}) | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    CentrifugeAliquotDestinationWell

    The desired position in the corresponding AliquotContainer in which the aliquot samples will be placed.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to A1 in containers with only one position. For plates, fills wells in the order provided by the function AllWells.
    Pattern Description: Any well from A1 to H12 or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (WellPositionP | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    CentrifugeAliquot

    The amount of each sample that should be transferred from the SamplesIn into the CentrifugeAliquotContainer when performing an aliquot before centrifugation.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically set as the smaller between the current sample volume and the maximum volume of the destination container.
    Pattern Description: All or greater than or equal to 1 microliter and less than or equal to 20 liters or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ((RangeP[1*Microliter, 20*Liter] | All) | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    Preparatory Filtering

    Filtration

    Indicates if the SamplesIn should be filter prior to starting the experiment or any aliquoting. Sample Preparation occurs in the order of Incubation, Centrifugation, Filtration, and then Aliquoting (if specified).
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Resolves to True if any of the corresponding Filter options are set. Otherwise, resolves to False.
    Pattern Description: True or False.
    Programmatic Pattern: BooleanP | Automatic
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    FiltrationType

    The type of filtration method that should be used to perform the filtration.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Will automatically resolve to a filtration type appropriate for the volume of sample being filtered.
    Pattern Description: PeristalticPump, Centrifuge, Vacuum, Syringe, or AirPressure or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (FiltrationTypeP | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    FilterInstrument

    The instrument that should be used to perform the filtration.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Will automatically resolved to an instrument appropriate for the filtration type.
    Pattern Description: An object of type or subtype Model[Instrument, FilterBlock], Object[Instrument, FilterBlock], Model[Instrument, PeristalticPump], Object[Instrument, PeristalticPump], Model[Instrument, VacuumPump], Object[Instrument, VacuumPump], Model[Instrument, Centrifuge], Object[Instrument, Centrifuge], Model[Instrument, SyringePump], or Object[Instrument, SyringePump] or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (ObjectP[{Model[Instrument, FilterBlock], Object[Instrument, FilterBlock], Model[Instrument, PeristalticPump], Object[Instrument, PeristalticPump], Model[Instrument, VacuumPump], Object[Instrument, VacuumPump], Model[Instrument, Centrifuge], Object[Instrument, Centrifuge], Model[Instrument, SyringePump], Object[Instrument, SyringePump]}] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    Filter

    The filter that should be used to remove impurities from the SamplesIn prior to starting the experiment.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Will automatically resolve to a filter appropriate for the filtration type and instrument.
    Pattern Description: An object of type or subtype Model[Container, Plate, Filter], Model[Container, Vessel, Filter], or Model[Item, Filter] or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (ObjectP[{Model[Container, Plate, Filter], Model[Container, Vessel, Filter], Model[Item, Filter]}] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    FilterMaterial

    The membrane material of the filter that should be used to remove impurities from the SamplesIn prior to starting the experiment.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Resolves to an appropriate filter material for the given sample is Filtration is set to True.
    Pattern Description: Cellulose, Cotton, Polyethylene, Polypropylene, PTFE, Nylon, PES, PLUS, PVDF, GlassFiber, GHP, UHMWPE, EPDM, DuraporePVDF, GxF, ZebaDesaltingResin, NickelResin, AgaroseResin, CobaltResin, Silica, HLB, or AnoporeAlumina or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (FilterMembraneMaterialP | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    PrefilterMaterial

    The material from which the prefilter filtration membrane should be made of to remove impurities from the SamplesIn prior to starting the experiment.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: By default, no prefiltration is performed on samples, even when Filter->True.
    Pattern Description: Cellulose, Cotton, Polyethylene, Polypropylene, PTFE, Nylon, PES, PLUS, PVDF, GlassFiber, GHP, UHMWPE, EPDM, DuraporePVDF, GxF, ZebaDesaltingResin, NickelResin, AgaroseResin, CobaltResin, Silica, HLB, or AnoporeAlumina or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (FilterMembraneMaterialP | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    FilterPoreSize

    The pore size of the filter that should be used when removing impurities from the SamplesIn prior to starting the experiment.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Resolves to an appropriate filter pore size for the given sample is Filtration is set to True.
    Pattern Description: 0.008 micrometers, 0.02 micrometers, 0.1 micrometers, 0.2 micrometers, 0.22 micrometers, 0.45 micrometers, 1. micrometer, 1.1 micrometers, 2.5 micrometers, 6. micrometers, 20. micrometers, 30. micrometers, or 100. micrometers or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (FilterSizeP | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    PrefilterPoreSize

    The pore size of the filter; all particles larger than this should be removed during the filtration.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: By default, no prefiltration is performed on samples, even when Filter->True.
    Pattern Description: 0.008 micrometers, 0.02 micrometers, 0.1 micrometers, 0.2 micrometers, 0.22 micrometers, 0.45 micrometers, 1. micrometer, 1.1 micrometers, 2.5 micrometers, 6. micrometers, 20. micrometers, 30. micrometers, or 100. micrometers or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (FilterSizeP | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    FilterSyringe

    The syringe used to force that sample through a filter.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Resolves to an syringe appropriate to the volume of sample being filtered, if Filtration is set to True.
    Pattern Description: An object of type or subtype Model[Container, Syringe] or Object[Container, Syringe] or a prepared sample or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ((ObjectP[{Model[Container, Syringe], Object[Container, Syringe]}] | _String) | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    FilterHousing

    The filter housing that should be used to hold the filter membrane when filtration is performed using a standalone filter membrane.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Resolve to an housing capable of holding the size of the membrane being used, if filter with Membrane FilterType is being used and Filtration is set to True.
    Pattern Description: An object of type or subtype Model[Instrument, FilterHousing], Object[Instrument, FilterHousing], Model[Instrument, FilterBlock], or Object[Instrument, FilterBlock] or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (ObjectP[{Model[Instrument, FilterHousing], Object[Instrument, FilterHousing], Model[Instrument, FilterBlock], Object[Instrument, FilterBlock]}] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    FilterIntensity

    The rotational speed or force at which the samples will be centrifuged during filtration.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Will automatically resolve to 2000 GravitationalAcceleration if FiltrationType is Centrifuge and Filtration is True.
    Pattern Description: Greater than 0 revolutions per minute or greater than 0 standard accelerations due to gravity on the surface of the earth or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ((GreaterP[0*RPM] | GreaterP[0*GravitationalAcceleration]) | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    FilterTime

    The amount of time for which the samples will be centrifuged during filtration.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Will automatically resolve to 5 Minute if FiltrationType is Centrifuge and Filtration is True.
    Pattern Description: Greater than 0 minutes or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (GreaterP[0*Minute] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    FilterTemperature

    The temperature at which the centrifuge chamber will be held while the samples are being centrifuged during filtration.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Will automatically resolve to 22 Celsius if FiltrationType is Centrifuge and Filtration is True.
    Pattern Description: Greater than or equal to 4 degrees Celsius or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ((Alternatives[GreaterEqualP[4*Celsius]]) | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    FilterContainerOut

    The desired container filtered samples should be produced in or transferred into by the end of filtration, with indices indicating grouping of samples in the same plates, if desired.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically set as the PreferredContainer for the Volume of the sample. For plates, attempts to fill all wells of a single plate with the same model before using another one.
    Pattern Description: An object of type or subtype Model[Container] or Object[Container] or a prepared sample or {Index, Container} or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (((ObjectP[{Model[Container], Object[Container]}] | _String) | {GreaterEqualP[1, 1] | Automatic, (ObjectP[{Model[Container], Object[Container]}] | _String) | Automatic}) | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    FilterAliquotDestinationWell

    The desired position in the corresponding AliquotContainer in which the aliquot samples will be placed.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to A1 in containers with only one position. For plates, fills wells in the order provided by the function AllWells.
    Pattern Description: Any well from A1 to H12 or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (WellPositionP | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    FilterAliquotContainer

    The desired type of container that should be used to prepare and house the filter samples which should be used in lieu of the SamplesIn for the experiment.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Pattern Description: An object of type or subtype Model[Container] or {Index, Container} or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ((ObjectP[Model[Container]] | {GreaterEqualP[1, 1] | (Automatic | Null), (ObjectP[{Model[Container], Object[Container]}] | _String) | Automatic}) | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    FilterAliquot

    The amount of each sample that should be transferred from the SamplesIn into the FilterAliquotContainer when performing an aliquot before filtration.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically set as the smaller between the current sample volume and the maximum volume of the destination container.
    Pattern Description: All or greater than or equal to 1 microliter and less than or equal to 20 liters or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ((RangeP[1*Microliter, 20*Liter] | All) | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    FilterSterile

    Indicates if the filtration of the samples should be done in a sterile environment.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Resolve to False if Filtration is indicated. If sterile filtration is desired, this option must manually be set to True.
    Pattern Description: True or False or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (BooleanP | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    Aliquoting

    Aliquot

    Indicates if aliquots should be taken from the SamplesIn and transferred into new AliquotSamples used in lieu of the SamplesIn for the experiment. Note that if NumberOfReplicates is specified this indicates that the input samples will also be aliquoted that number of times. Note that Aliquoting (if specified) occurs after any Sample Preparation (if specified).
    Default Value: Automatic
    Pattern Description: True or False.
    Programmatic Pattern: BooleanP | Automatic
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    AliquotAmount

    The amount of a sample that should be transferred from the input samples into aliquots.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically set as the smaller between the current sample volume and the maximum volume of the destination container if a liquid, or the current Mass or Count if a solid or counted item, respectively.
    Pattern Description: All or Count or Count or Mass or Volume or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ((RangeP[1*Microliter, 20*Liter] | RangeP[1*Milligram, 20*Kilogram] | GreaterP[0*Unit, 1*Unit] | GreaterP[0., 1.] | All) | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    TargetConcentration

    The desired final concentration of analyte in the AliquotSamples after dilution of aliquots of SamplesIn with the ConcentratedBuffer and BufferDiluent which should be used in lieu of the SamplesIn for the experiment.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically calculated based on aliquot and buffer volumes.
    Pattern Description: Greater than 0 molar or greater than 0 grams per liter or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ((GreaterP[0*Molar] | GreaterP[0*(Gram/Liter)]) | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    TargetConcentrationAnalyte

    The substance whose final concentration is attained with the TargetConcentration option.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically set to the first value in the Analytes field of the input sample, or, if not populated, to the first analyte in the Composition field of the input sample, or if none exist, the first identity model of any kind in the Composition field.
    Pattern Description: An object of type or subtype Model[Molecule], Model[Molecule, cDNA], Model[Molecule, Oligomer], Model[Molecule, Transcript], Model[Molecule, Protein], Model[Molecule, Protein, Antibody], Model[Molecule, Carbohydrate], Model[Molecule, Polymer], Model[Resin], Model[Resin, SolidPhaseSupport], Model[Lysate], Model[ProprietaryFormulation], Model[Virus], Model[Cell], Model[Cell, Mammalian], Model[Cell, Bacteria], Model[Cell, Yeast], Model[Tissue], Model[Material], or Model[Species] or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (ObjectP[IdentityModelTypes] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    AssayVolume

    The desired total volume of the aliquoted sample plus dilution buffer.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically determined based on Volume and TargetConcentration option values.
    Pattern Description: Greater than or equal to 1 microliter and less than or equal to 20 liters or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (RangeP[1*Microliter, 20*Liter] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    ConcentratedBuffer

    The concentrated buffer which should be diluted by the BufferDilutionFactor in the final solution (i.e., the combination of the sample, ConcentratedBuffer, and BufferDiluent). The ConcentratedBuffer and BufferDiluent will be combined and then mixed with the sample, where the combined volume of these buffers is the difference between the AliquotAmount and the total AssayVolume.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Pattern Description: An object of type or subtype Model[Sample] or Object[Sample] or a prepared sample or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ((ObjectP[{Model[Sample], Object[Sample]}] | _String) | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    BufferDilutionFactor

    The dilution factor by which the concentrated buffer should be diluted in the final solution (i.e., the combination of the sample, ConcentratedBuffer, and BufferDiluent). The ConcentratedBuffer and BufferDiluent will be combined and then mixed with the sample, where the combined volume of these buffers is the difference between the AliquotAmount and the total AssayVolume.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: If ConcentratedBuffer is specified, automatically set to the ConcentratedBufferDilutionFactor of that sample; otherwise, set to Null.
    Pattern Description: Greater than or equal to 1 or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (GreaterEqualP[1] | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    BufferDiluent

    The buffer used to dilute the aliquot sample such that ConcentratedBuffer is diluted by BufferDilutionFactor in the final solution. The ConcentratedBuffer and BufferDiluent will be combined and then mixed with the sample, where the combined volume of these buffers is the difference between the AliquotAmount and the total AssayVolume.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to Model[Sample, "Milli-Q water"] if ConcentratedBuffer is specified; otherwise, resolves to Null.
    Pattern Description: An object of type or subtype Model[Sample] or Object[Sample] or a prepared sample or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ((ObjectP[{Model[Sample], Object[Sample]}] | _String) | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    AssayBuffer

    The buffer that should be added to any aliquots requiring dilution, where the volume of this buffer added is the difference between the AliquotAmount and the total AssayVolume.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to Model[Sample, "Milli-Q water"] if ConcentratedBuffer is not specified; otherwise, resolves to Null.
    Pattern Description: An object of type or subtype Model[Sample] or Object[Sample] or a prepared sample or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ((ObjectP[{Model[Sample], Object[Sample]}] | _String) | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    AliquotSampleStorageCondition

    The non-default conditions under which any aliquot samples generated by this experiment should be stored after the protocol is completed.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Pattern Description: {AmbientStorage, EnclosedAmbientStorage, Refrigerator, Freezer, DeepFreezer, CryogenicStorage, YeastIncubation, YeastShakingIncubation, BacterialIncubation, BacterialShakingIncubation, MammalianIncubation, ViralIncubation, CrystalIncubation, AcceleratedTesting, IntermediateTesting, LongTermTesting, UVVisLightTesting} or Disposal or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ((SampleStorageTypeP | Disposal) | Automatic) | Null
    Index Matches to: experiment samples

    DestinationWell

    The desired position in the corresponding AliquotContainer in which the aliquot samples will be placed.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically resolves to A1 in containers with only one position. For plates, fills wells in the order provided by the function AllWells.
    Pattern Description: Any well from A1 to H12 or list of one or more any well from A1 to H12 or any well from A1 to H12 entries or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: ((WellPositionP | {((Automatic | Null) | WellPositionP)..}) | Automatic) | Null

    AliquotContainer

    The desired type of container that should be used to prepare and house the aliquot samples, with indices indicating grouping of samples in the same plates, if desired. This option will resolve to be the length of the SamplesIn * NumberOfReplicates.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatically set as the PreferredContainer for the AssayVolume of the sample. For plates, attempts to fill all wells of a single plate with the same model before aliquoting into the next.
    Pattern Description: An object of type or subtype Model[Container] or Object[Container] or a prepared sample or Automatic or Null or {Index, Container} or list of one or more an object of type or subtype Model[Container] or Object[Container] or a prepared sample or Automatic or Null entries or list of one or more Automatic or Null or {Index, Container} entries.
    Programmatic Pattern: (((ObjectP[{Model[Container], Object[Container]}] | _String) | (Automatic | Null) | {GreaterEqualP[1, 1] | (Automatic | Null), (ObjectP[{Model[Container], Object[Container]}] | _String) | (Automatic | Null)} | {((ObjectP[{Model[Container], Object[Container]}] | _String) | (Automatic | Null))..} | {({GreaterEqualP[1, 1] | (Automatic | Null), (ObjectP[{Model[Container], Object[Container]}] | _String) | (Automatic | Null)} | (Automatic | Null))..}) | Automatic) | Null

    AliquotPreparation

    Indicates the desired scale at which liquid handling used to generate aliquots will occur.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Default Calculation: Automatic resolution will occur based on manipulation volumes and container types.
    Pattern Description: Manual or Robotic or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (PreparationMethodP | Automatic) | Null

    ConsolidateAliquots

    Indicates if identical aliquots should be prepared in the same container/position.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Pattern Description: True or False or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (BooleanP | Automatic) | Null

Protocol Options

    Organizational Information

    Template

    A template protocol whose methodology should be reproduced in running this experiment. Option values will be inherited from the template protocol, but can be individually overridden by directly specifying values for those options to this Experiment function.
    Default Value: Null
    Pattern Description: An object of type or subtype Object[Protocol] or an object of type or subtype of Object[Protocol] with UnresolvedOptions, ResolvedOptions specified or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (ObjectP[Object[Protocol]] | FieldReferenceP[Object[Protocol], {UnresolvedOptions, ResolvedOptions}]) | Null

    Name

    A object name which should be used to refer to the output object in lieu of an automatically generated ID number.
    Default Value: Null
    Pattern Description: A string or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: _String | Null

    Post Experiment

    MeasureWeight

    Indicates if any solid samples that are modified in the course of the experiment should have their weights measured and updated after running the experiment. Please note that public samples are weighed regardless of the value of this option.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Pattern Description: True or False or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (BooleanP | Automatic) | Null

    MeasureVolume

    Indicates if any liquid samples that are modified in the course of the experiment should have their volumes measured and updated after running the experiment. Please note that public samples are volume measured regardless of the value of this option.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Pattern Description: True or False or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (BooleanP | Automatic) | Null

    ImageSample

    Indicates if any samples that are modified in the course of the experiment should be freshly imaged after running the experiment. Please note that public samples are imaged regardless of the value of this option.
    Default Value: Automatic
    Pattern Description: True or False or Null.
    Programmatic Pattern: (BooleanP | Automatic) | Null

Example Calls

    Measure Cyclic Voltammetry Data

    Measure the cyclic voltammetry data of a solid sample:
    Measure the cyclic voltammetry data of a liquid sample:
    Measure the cyclic voltammetry data of multiple samples:
    Specify the cyclic voltammetry measurement parameters:

    Prepare Sample Solution

    Specify the solvent used:
    Specify the electrolyte used:
    Include ferrocene as the internal standard before the cyclic voltammetry measurements:
    Include ferrocene as the internal standard after the cyclic voltammetry measurements. The ferrocene added sample is measured again:

    Clean Working and Counter Electrodes

    Polish the working electrode before the cyclic voltammetry measurements:
    Sonication clean the working electrode before the cyclic voltammetry measurements:
    Wash the working and counter electrodes before the cyclic voltammetry measurements:

    Reference Electrode Usage

    Specify a reference electrode of a given model to be used:
    Refresh the reference solution within the reference electrode before the cyclic voltammetry measurements:

    Pretreat Working, Counter, and Reference Electrodes

    Pretreat the electrodes with an electrolyte solution before the cyclic voltammetry measurements of the sample solution:

    Sparge Sample Solution

    Map the distribution of distinct components of a solid or liquid sample:

Preferred Input Containers

    The ExperimentCyclicVoltammetry can only takes in single well containers.

Data Processing

    Plot cyclic voltammetry data from a protocol:
    Plot cyclic voltammetry data from a data object:

Warnings and Errors

    Messages  (197)

    AmbiguousComposition  (9)

    If the input sample have more than one entry in its Analytes field, an error will be thrown:

    If the solvent chemical used to prepare the liquid input sample has more than one entry in its Composition field, an error will be thrown:

    If the electrolyte molecule specified by the Electrolyte chemical or the ElectrolyteSolution has more than one composition entry in the input sample, an error will be thrown:

    If the Solvent has more than one non-Null entry in its Composition field, an error will be thrown:

    If the Electrolyte has more than one entry in its Composition field, an error will be thrown:

    If the ElectrolyteSolution has more than one entry in its Analytes field, an error will be thrown:

    If the solvent chemical used to prepare the ElectrolyteSolution has more than one entry in its Composition field, an error will be thrown:

    If the electrolyte molecule specified by the Electrolyte chemical has more than one Composition entry in ElectrolyteSolution, an error will be thrown:

    If the provided InternalStandard chemical has no entry or more than one non-Null entry in its Composition field, an error will be thrown:

    CannotResolveElectrolyte  (1)

    If the electrolyte molecule specified by the Electrolyte chemical is not the same with the electrolyte molecule specified by the sample, an error will be thrown:

    ChemicalNotLiquid  (2)

    If the Solvent is not a liquid, an error will be thrown:

    If the ElectrolyteSolution is not a liquid, an error will be thrown:

    ChemicalNotSolid  (2)

    If the Electrolyte is not a solid, an error will be thrown:

    If the provided InternalStandard is not a solid, an error will be thrown:

    CoatedWorkingElectrode  (1)

    If WorkingElectrode is coated, but PolishWorkingElectrode is set to True, an error will be thrown:

    ConditionalSpecifiedOptionPreparedSample  (2)

    If the InternalStandardTargetConcentration is not Null when InternalStandardAdditionOrder is set to Before, an error will be thrown:

    If the InternalStandardAmount is not Null when InternalStandardAdditionOrder is set to Before, an error will be thrown:

    DeprecatedElectrodeModel  (3)

    If the given WorkingElectrode model is deprecated, an error will be thrown:

    If the given CounterElectrode model is deprecated, an error will be thrown:

    If the given ReferenceElectrode model(s) is/are deprecated, an error will be thrown:

    ExcessiveSolventVolume  (1)

    If SolventVolume is larger than LoadingSampleVolume, a warning will be thrown:

    IncompatibleOptions  (16)

    If the specified reaction vessel is not compatible with the electrode cap, an error will be thrown:

    If the Analyte option does not match the analyte specified by the input sample, an error will be thrown:

    If the LoadingSampleTargetConcentration and SampleAmount do not agree with each other, an error will be thrown:

    If the ElectrolyteSolution's electrolyte concentration does not match with the input sample's electrolyte concentration, an error will be thrown:

    If the ElectrolyteSolution's electrolyte concentration does not match with the concentration specified by the ElectrolyteTargetConcentration option, an error will be thrown:

    If the electrolyte concentration specified by LoadingSampleElectrolyteAmount option does not match with the concentration specified by the ElectrolyteTargetConcentration option, an error will be thrown:

    If the ElectrolyteTargetConcentration's electrolyte concentration does not match with the concentration specified by the prepared liquid sample, an error will be thrown:

    If the electrolyte concentration specified by LoadingSampleElectrolyteAmount option does not match with the concentration specified by the ElectrolyteTargetConcentration option, an error will be thrown:

    If the provided InternalStandardTargetConcentration and InternalStandardAmount do not agree with each other, an error will be thrown:

    If the provided InternalStandardTargetConcentration and InternalStandardAmount do not agree with each other, an error will be thrown:

    If PretreatmentSpargingPreBubbler is True when PretreatmentSparging is False, an error is thrown:

    If LoadingSampleMix is False when the input sample is an unprepared solid, an error is thrown:

    If LoadingSampleMixType is Invert or Pipette and the LoadingSampleMixTemperature is not Ambient, an error is thrown:

    If LoadingSampleMixTime is greater than LoadingSampleMaxMixTime, and error is thrown:

    If the LoadingSampleNumberOfMixes is greater than LoadingSampleMaxNumberOfMixes, an error is thrown:

    If LoadingSampleMixVolume is greater than SolventVolume, an error is thrown:

    IncompatiblePotentialLists  (2)

    If an element of InitialPotentials does not fall between the corresponding elements of FirstPotentials and SecondPotentials, an error will be thrown:

    If an element of FinalPotentials does not fall between the corresponding elements of FirstPotentials and SecondPotentials, an error will be thrown:

    IncompatiblePotentials  (2)

    If PretreatmentInitialPotential is not between PretreatmentFirstPotential and PretreatmentSecondPotential, an error is thrown:

    If PretreatmentFinalPotential is not between PretreatmentFirstPotential and PretreatmentSecondPotential, an error is thrown:

    InternalStandard  (5)

    If the input prepared liquid sample does not have 3 non-Null entries in its Composition field when InternalStandard is set to None, an error will be thrown:

    If the input prepared liquid sample does not have 3 non-Null entries in its Composition field when InternalStandardAdditionOrder is set to After, an error will be thrown:

    If the input prepared liquid sample does not have 3 non-Null entries in its Composition field when InternalStandardAdditionOrder is set to After, an error will be thrown:

    If the molecule of the provided InternalStandard is not a member of the Composition field of the prepared liquid sample, an error will be thrown:

    If the molecule of the provided InternalStandard is already a member of the Composition field of the prepared liquid sample while the InternalStandardAdditionOrder is set to After, an error will be thrown:

    MismatchingMolecules  (6)

    If the solvent molecule specified by the Solvent is not the same with the solvent molecule specified by the sample, an error will be thrown:

    If the electrolyte molecule specified by the Electrolyte chemical is not the same with the electrolyte molecule specified by the sample, an error will be thrown:

    If the solvent molecule specified by the ElectrolyteSolution is not the same with the solvent molecule specified by the sample, an error will be thrown:

    If the solvent molecule specified by the ElectrolyteSolution is not the same with the solvent molecule specified by the Solvent, an error will be thrown:

    If the electrolyte molecule specified by the ElectrolyteSolution option is not the same with the electrolyte molecule specified by the sample, an error will be thrown:

    If the electrolyte molecule specified by the ElectrolyteSolution is not the same with the electrolyte molecule specified by the Electrolyte chemical, an error will be thrown:

    MismatchingOptionsWarning  (6)

    The user will be warned if the Solvent sample is different from the solvent sample used to prepare the liquid prepared input sample:

    The user will be warned if the ElectrolyteSolution solvent sample is different from the Solvent sample:

    The user will be warned if the RecommendedSolventType of the ReferenceElectrode does not match with the Solvent option:

    The user will be warned if the solvent molecule used to prepare the ReferenceSolution in the ReferenceElectrode does not match with the solvent molecule specified by the Solvent option:

    The user will be warned if the electrolyte molecule used to prepare the ReferenceSolution in the ReferenceElectrode does not match with the electrolyte molecule specified by the Electrolyte option:

    The user will be warned if the electrolyte molecule concentration used to prepare the ReferenceSolution in the ReferenceElectrode does not match with the electrolyte molecule concentration specified by the ElectrolyteTargetConcentration option:

    MismatchingSampleState  (2)

    If PreparedSample is set to False, but input sample is a solution, an error will be thrown:

    If PreparedSample is set to True, but input sample is a solid, an error will be thrown:

    MismatchNumberOfCycles  (5)

    If length of InitialPotentials does not match with the NumberOfCycles, an error will be thrown:

    If the length of FirstPotentials does not match with NumberOfCycles, an error will be thrown:

    If the length of SecondPotentials does not match NumberOfCycles, an error will be thrown:

    If the length of FinalPotentials does not match NumberOfCycles, an error will be thrown:

    If the length of PotentialSweepRates does not match NumberOfCycles, an error will be thrown:

    MissingInformation  (11)

    If the input sample does not have its Composition field informed, an error will be thrown:

    If the input sample is a prepared liquid sample and it does not have at least 3 entries in its Composition field, an error will be thrown:

    If the input sample does not have its Analytes field informed, an error will be thrown:

    If the prepared liquid input sample does not have its Solvent field informed, an error will be thrown:

    If the electrolyte molecule in the prepared liquid input sample does not have its MolecularWeight defined, an error will be thrown:

    If the electrolyte molecule in the prepared liquid input sample does not have its DefaultSampleModel defined, an error will be thrown:

    If the electrolyte molecule specified by the Electrolyte chemical or the ElectrolyteSolution was not found in the input sample, an error will be thrown:

    If the ElectrolyteSolution does not have its Solvent field informed, an error will be thrown:

    If the ElectrolyteSolution does not have its Analytes field informed, an error will be thrown:

    If the electrolyte molecule specified by the ElectrolyteSolution does not have its DefaultSampleModel defined, an error will be thrown:

    If the electrolyte molecule specified by the ElectrolyteSolution does not have its MolecularWeight defined, an error will be thrown:

    MissingOption  (34)

    If PolishWorkingElectrode is set to True, but PolishingPads is set to Null, an error will be thrown:

    If PolishWorkingElectrode is set to True, but PolishingSolutions is set to Null, an error will be thrown:

    If PolishWorkingElectrode is set to True, but NumberOfPolishingSolutionDroplets is set to Null, an error will be thrown:

    If PolishWorkingElectrode is set to True, but NumberOfPolishings is set to Null, an error will be thrown:

    If WorkingElectrodeSonication is set to True, but WorkingElectrodeSonicationTime is set to Null, an error will be thrown:

    If WorkingElectrodeSonication is set to True, but WorkingElectrodeSonicationTemperature is set to Null, an error will be thrown:

    If WorkingElectrodeWashing is set to True, but WorkingElectrodeWashingCycles is set to Null, an error will be thrown:

    If PreparedSample is set to False, but SolventVolume is set to Null, an error will be thrown:

    The ElectrolyteSolutionLoadingVolume option is set to Null while PretreatElectrodes is True, an error will be thrown:

    If the ElectrolyteSolution option is set to Null when PretreatElectrodes option is set to True, an error will be thrown:

    If the InternalStandardAdditionOrder is set to Null when InternalStandard is provided, an error will be thrown:

    If the InternalStandardTargetConcentration is set to Null when InternalStandardAdditionOrder is set to After, an error will be thrown:

    If the InternalStandardTargetConcentration is set to Null when InternalStandardAdditionOrder is set to Before for unprepared solid sample, an error will be thrown:

    If the InternalStandardAmount is set to Null when InternalStandardAdditionOrder is set to After, an error will be thrown:

    If the InternalStandardAmount is set to Null when InternalStandardAdditionOrder is set to Before for unprepared solid sample, an error will be thrown:

    If PretreatmentSparging is Null when PretreatElectrodes is True, an error is thrown:

    If PretreatmentSpargingPreBubbler is Null when PretreatElectrodes is True, an error is thrown:

    If PretreatmentInitialPotential is Null when PretreatElectrodes is True, an error is thrown:

    If PretreatmentFirstPotential is Null and PretreatElectrodes is True, an error is thrown:

    If PretreatmentSecondPotential is Null when PretreatElectrodes is True, an error is thrown:

    If PretreatmentFinalPotential is Null when PretreatElectrodes is True, an error is thrown:

    If PretreatmentPotentialSweepRate is Null when PretreatElectrodes is True, an error is thrown:

    If PretreatmentNumberOfCycles is Null when PretreatElectrodes is True, an error is thrown:

    If LoadingSampleMixType is Null when LoadingSampleMix is True, an error is thrown:

    If LoadingSampleMixTemperature is Null when LoadingSampleMix is True, and error is thrown:

    If LoadingSampleMixUntilDissolved is Null when LoadingSampleMix is True, an error is thrown:

    If LoadingSampleMaxNumberOfMixes is Null when the LoadingSampleMixType is Pipette or Invert and LoadingSampleMixUntilDissolved is Ture, adn error is thrown:

    If the LoadingSampleMaxMixTime is Null when LoadingSampleMix is True, LoadingSampleMixType is Shake, and LoadingSampleMixUntilDissolved is True, and error is thrown:

    If LoadingSampleMixTime is Null when LoadingSampleMix is True, LoadingSampleMixType is Shake, and LoadingSampleUntilDissolved is False, an error is thrown:

    If LoadingSampleNumberOfMixes is Null when LoadingSampleMix is True, LoadingSampleMixType is Pipette or Invert, and LoadingSampleMixUntilDissolved is False, an error is thrown:

    If LoadingSampleMixVolume is Null when LoadingSampleMixType is Pipette, an error is thrown:

    If Sparging is True, but SpargingGas is set to Null, an error will be thrown:

    If Sparging is True, but SpargingTime is set to Null, an error will be thrown:

    If SpargingPreBubbler is Null when Sparging is True, an error will be thrown:

    MissingOptionUnpreparedSample  (4)

    If the SampleAmount is set to Null for an unprepared solid sample, an error will be thrown:

    If the LoadingSampleTargetConcentration is set to Null for an unprepared solid sample, an error will be thrown:

    The ElectrolyteTargetConcentration option is set to Null, an error will be thrown:

    If the LoadingSampleElectrolyteAmount option is set to Null for a unprepared solid sample, an error will be thrown:

    NonDefaultPolishingSolutions  (1)

    If the provided PolishingSolutions list has entries that are not default polishing solutions specified in the corresponding polishing pad, a warning will be thrown:

    NonNullOption  (39)

    If PolishWorkingElectrode is set to False, but PolishingPads is specified, an error will be thrown:

    If PolishWorkingElectrode is set to False, but PolishingSolutions is specified, an error will be thrown:

    If PolishWorkingElectrode is set to False, but NumberOfPolishingSolutionDroplets is specified, an error will be thrown:

    If PolishWorkingElectrode is set to False, but NumberOfPolishings is specified, an error will be thrown:

    If WorkingElectrodeSonication is set to False, but WorkingElectrodeSonicationTime is specified, an error will be thrown:

    If WorkingElectrodeSonication is set to False, but WorkingElectrodeSonicationTemperature is specified, an error will be thrown:

    If WorkingElectrodeWashing is set to False, but WorkingElectrodeWashingCycles is specified, an error will be thrown:

    If PreparedSample is set to True, but SolventVolume is specified, an error will be thrown:

    If the ElectrolyteSolution option is specified to a solution or to New while PretreatElectrodes is False, an error will be thrown:

    If the ElectrolyteSolutionLoadingVolume option is specified while PretreatElectrodes is False, an error will be thrown:

    If the InternalStandardAdditionOrder is not Null when InternalStandard is set to None, an error will be thrown:

    If the InternalStandardTargetConcentration is not Null when InternalStandard is set to None, an error will be thrown:

    If the InternalStandardAmount is not Null when InternalStandard is set to None, an error will be thrown:

    If PretreatmentSparging is not Null or Automatic when PretreatElectrodes is False, an error will be thrown:

    If PretreatmentSpargingPreBubbler is specified and PretreatElectrodes is False, an error is thrown:

    If PretreatmentInitialPotential is specified when PretreatElectrodes is False, an error is thrown:

    If PretreatmentFirstPotential is specified and PretreatElectrodes is False, an error is thrown:

    If PretreatmentSecondPotential is specified when PretreatElectrodes is False, an error is thrown:

    If PretreatmentFinalPotential is specified when PretreatElectrodes is False, an error is thrown:

    If PretreatmentPotentialSweepRate is specified when PretreatElectrodes is False, an error is thrown:

    If PretreatmentNumberOfCycles is specified when PretreatElectrodes is False, an error is thrown:

    If LoadingSampleMixType is specified, but LoadingSampleMix is False, an error is thrown:

    If LoadingSampleMixTemperature is specified, but LoadingSampleMix is False, an error is thrown:

    If LoadingSampleMixUntilDissolved is specified when LoadingSampleMix is False, an error is thrown:

    If LoadingSampleMaxNumberOfMixes is specified when LoadingSampleMix is False, an error is thrown:

    If LoadingSampleMaxNumberOfMixes is specified when LoadingSampleMixUntilDissolved is False, an error is thrown:

    If LoadingSampleMaxNumberOfMixes is specified when LoadingSampleMixType is Shake, and error is thrown:

    If the LoadingSampleMaxMixTime is specified when LoadingSampleMix is False, an error is thrown:

    If LoadingSampleMaxMixTime is specified when LoadingSampleMixUntilDissolved is False, and error is thrown:

    If the LoadingSampleMaxMixTime is specified when the LoadingSampleMixType is set to Pipette or Invert, an error is thrown:

    If LoadingSampleMixTime is specified when LoadingSampleMix is False, an error is thrown:

    If LoadingSampleMixTime is specified when LoadingSampleMixType is Pipette or Invert, an error is thrown:

    If LoadingSampleNumberOfMixes is specified when LoadingSampleMix is False, and error is thrown:

    If LoadingSampleNumberOfMixes is specified when LoadingSampleMixType is Shake, an error is thrown:

    If LoadingSampleMixVolume is specified when LoadingSampleMix is False, an error is thrown:

    If LoadingSampleMixVolume is specified when LoadingSampleMixType is not Pipette, an error is thrown:

    If SpargingGas is specified while Sparging is False, and error will be thrown:

    If SpargingTime is specified while Sparging is False, and error will be thrown:

    If SpargingPreBubbler is specified when Sparging is False, an error will be thrown:

    NonPolishingSolutions  (1)

    If the provided PolishingSolutions list has entries that are not polishing solutions, an error will be thrown:

    ObjectDoesNotExist  (6)

    Throw a message if we have a sample that does not exist (name form):

    Throw a message if we have a container that does not exist (name form):

    Throw a message if we have a sample that does not exist (ID form):

    Throw a message if we have a container that does not exist (ID form):

    Do NOT throw a message if we have a simulated sample but a simulation is specified that indicates that it is simulated:

    Do NOT throw a message if we have a simulated container but a simulation is specified that indicates that it is simulated:

    OptionsMismatchingLength  (3)

    If the provided PolishingSolutions list has a different length from the PolishingPad list, an error will be thrown:

    If the provided NumberOfPolishingSolutionDroplets list has a different length from the PolishingPad list, an error will be thrown:

    If the provided NumberOfPolishings list has a different length from the PolishingPad list, an error will be thrown:

    PotentialsPrecision  (1)

    The user will be warned the cyclic voltammetry potentials (InitialPotentials, FirstPotentials, SecondPotentials, FinalPotentials) are rounded if they have precisions higher than 1 Millivolt:

    PotentialsTooDifferent  (1)

    If difference between corresponding elements of InitialPotentials and FinalPotentials exceeds 0.5 V, an error will be thrown:

    PotentialSweepRatePrecision  (1)

    The user will be warned the PotentialSweepRates is rounded if it has a precision higher than 10 Millivolt/Second:

    ReferenceElectrode  (3)

    If the specified reference electrode is an unprepared model, an error will be thrown:

    If the RefreshReferenceElectrode option is set to False when the ReferenceElectrode needs a reference solution refresh, an error will be thrown:

    If errors were encountered when the information is fetched for the ReferenceSolution of the ReferenceElectrode, an error will be thrown:

    SonicationSensitiveWorkingElectrode  (1)

    If WorkingElectrode is sonication sensitive, but WorkingElectrodeSonication is set to True, an error will be thrown:

    SpecifiedOptionPreparedSample  (3)

    If the SampleAmount is not set to Null or Automatic for a prepared liquid sample, an error will be thrown:

    If the LoadingSampleTargetConcentration is not set to Null or Automatic for a prepared liquid sample, an error will be thrown:

    If the LoadingSampleElectrolyteAmount option is specified for prepared liquid input sample, an error will be thrown:

    TargetConcentrationPrecision  (2)

    The user will be warned the chemical concentrations (ElectrolyteTargetConcentration, LoadingSampleTargetConcentration, InternalStandardTargetConcentration) are rounded if they have precisions higher than 0.1 Millimolar:

    The user will be warned the chemical concentrations (ElectrolyteTargetConcentration, LoadingSampleTargetConcentration, InternalStandardTargetConcentration) are rounded if they have precisions higher than 0.1 Microgram/Liter:

    TooDifferentPotentials  (1)

    The voltage difference between PretreatmentInitialPotential and PretreatmentFinalPotential is greater than 0.5 Volt, an error is thrown:

    TooHighConcentration  (4)

    If the LoadingSampleTargetConcentration is greater than 15 Millimolar, an error will be thrown:

    If the specified ElectrolyteTargetConcentration (or the concentration determined by LoadingSampleElectrolyteAmount and SolventVolume) leads to an electrolyte concentration higher than 0.5 Molar (for organic solvent) or 3 Molar (for aqueous solvent), an error will be thrown:

    If the specified ElectrolyteTargetConcentration (or the concentration determined by LoadingSampleElectrolyteAmount and SolventVolume) leads to an electrolyte concentration higher than 0.5 Molar (for organic solvent) or 3 Molar (for aqueous solvent), an error will be thrown:

    If the InternalStandardTargetConcentration is greater than 15 Millimolar, an error will be thrown:

    TooLargeNumberOfReplicates  (1)

    If the NumberOfReplicates exceeds the allowed maximum number of replicates, an error will be thrown:

    TooLargeVolume  (2)

    If LoadingSampleVolume is greater than 90% of the ReactionVessel MaxVolume, an error will be thrown:

    If the ElectrolyteSolutionLoadingVolume is greater than 90% of the ReactionVessel's MaxVolume, an error will be thrown:

    TooLongSoakTime  (1)

    If the specified ReferenceElectrodeSoakTime is longer than 1 hour, an error will be thrown:

    TooLongSpargingTime  (1)

    If the SpargingTime exceeds 1 Hour, an error will be thrown:

    TooLowConcentration  (4)

    If the LoadingSampleTargetConcentration is less than 1 Millimolar, an error will be thrown:

    If the specified ElectrolyteTargetConcentration (or the concentration determined by LoadingSampleElectrolyteAmount and SolventVolume) leads to an electrolyte concentration lower than 0.05 Molar (for organic solvent) or 0.1 Molar (for aqueous solvent), an error will be thrown:

    If the specified ElectrolyteTargetConcentration (or the concentration determined by LoadingSampleElectrolyteAmount and SolventVolume) leads to an electrolyte concentration lower than 0.05 Molar (for organic solvent) or 0.1 Molar (for aqueous solvent), an error will be thrown:

    If the InternalStandardTargetConcentration is less than 1 Millimolar, an error will be thrown:

    TooManyInputSamples  (1)

    If the number of provided input samples exceeds the allowed maximum number of input samples, an error will be thrown:

    TooSmallSolventVolume  (1)

    If PreparedSample is set to False, but SolventVolume is smaller than the LoadingSampleVolume or 30% of the ReactionVessel MaxVolume, an error will be thrown:

    TooSmallVolume  (2)

    If LoadingSampleVolume is smaller than 30% of the ReactionVessel MaxVolume, an error will be thrown:

    If the ElectrolyteSolutionLoadingVolume is less than 30% of the ReactionVessel's MaxVolume, an error will be thrown:

    UnresolvableUnit  (3)

    If the analyte molecule in the input sample has a composition unit that is not in molar units or mass concentration units, an error will be thrown:

    If the electrolyte molecule in the prepared liquid input sample has a composition unit that is not in molar units or mass concentration units, an error will be thrown:

    If the electrolyte molecule has a concentration unit that is not of molar units or mass concentration units in the Composition field of the ElectrolyteSolution, an error will be thrown:

Possible Issues

    Unpurified Sample

    Samples with substance other than the interested analyte can lead to unwanted cyclic voltammetry peaks in the voltammograms, which may interfere with the real peaks from the analyte.

    Dissolved Oxygen in Sample Solution

    The dissolved oxygen within the sample solution can lead to unwanted cyclic voltammetry peaks in the voltammograms, which may interfere with the real peaks from the interested analyte. Consider sparging the sample solution with Sparging options prior to the cyclic voltammetry data collection.

    Damaged or Unclean Working Electrode

    Using a damaged or unclean working electrode can lead to weak cyclic voltammetry peaks and distorted voltammograms. Consider using the working electrode polishing, sonication, and washing options to properly prepare the working electrode prior to the cyclic voltammetry collection.
Last modified on Tue 2 Sep 2025 18:09:56

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